Samplinglib
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ASTIS mathematical exposition

An existing uniform second-derivative bound under dilation

AutoSamplingTheory.TechnicalLemmas.Analysis.Calculus.Cutoff.radialSmoothCutoff_iteratedFDeriv_two_bound · theorem · Teaching coverage

Statement

Let E be a nontrivial finite-dimensional real inner-product space. There is a positive real constant C such that for every positive R and every x∈E, the operator norm of the second iterated Fréchet derivative of χ_R at x is at most C/R². The constant is chosen from the fixed unit-radius radial function before R and x.

\[\exists C>0\ \forall R>0\ \forall x\in E,\qquad\|D^2\chi_R(x)\|_{\mathrm{op}}\le\frac{C}{R^2}.\]

All objects and hypotheses

  • E is a normed additive commutative group with a real inner-product-space structure.
  • E is finite-dimensional over ℝ and nontrivial, exactly as required by the existing declaration.
  • The second iterated Fréchet derivative is a continuous bilinear map; its norm is the multilinear operator norm.
  • C>0 is existential; R>0 and x∈E are quantified after it.

Mathematical proof

1. Obtain continuity and compact support of the unit-radius second derivative

The already-proved smoothness of χ_1 implies continuity of its second iterated Fréchet derivative. The compact-support theorem for χ_1 and Mathlib's support theorem for iterated derivatives give compact support of this derivative.

\[\chi_1\in C^\infty,\quad \operatorname{HasCompactSupport}(\chi_1)\quad\Longrightarrow\quad D^2\chi_1\text{ continuous and compactly supported}.\]
Corresponding Lean step

radialSmoothCutoff_contDiff one_pos; hunit_smooth.continuous_iteratedFDeriv ...; (radialSmoothCutoff_hasCompactSupport one_pos).iteratedFDeriv 2

2. Choose one positive global bound at unit radius

A continuous compactly supported map has globally bounded norm. Take a bound B for D²χ_1 and enlarge it to C=max(B,1)>0.

\[\|D^2\chi_1(z)\|_{\mathrm{op}}\le B\le C:=\max(B,1)\qquad(\forall z\in E).\]
Corresponding Lean step

hunit_support.exists_bound_of_continuous hunit_continuous; let C' : ℝ := max C 1; have hC'_pos : 0 < C' := lt_max_of_lt_right one_pos

3. Represent the radius change by a bounded linear dilation

For R>0 let L_R(y)=R⁻¹y. This is a continuous linear map with operator norm at most 1/R, because ‖L_R y‖=(1/R)‖y‖.

\[L_R=R^{-1}I_E,\qquad\|L_Ry\|=\frac{\|y\|}{R},\qquad\|L_R\|_{\mathrm{op}}\le\frac1R.\]
Corresponding Lean step

let L : E →L[ℝ] E := R⁻¹ • ContinuousLinearMap.id ℝ E; refine L.opNorm_le_bound (by positivity) ?_; rw [norm_smul, Real.norm_eq_abs, abs_inv, abs_of_pos hR]

4. Express every cutoff as the unit cutoff after dilation

The norm identity for positive dilation gives χ_R(y)=q(‖y‖/R)=χ_1(L_R y) at every y.

\[\chi_R=\chi_1\circ L_R.\]
Corresponding Lean step

have hfun : (radialSmoothCutoff R : E → ℝ) = (radialSmoothCutoff 1 : E → ℝ) ∘ L := by funext y; simp only [radialSmoothCutoff, Function.comp_apply, L, smul_apply, ContinuousLinearMap.id_apply, div_one]; rw [norm_smul, Real.norm_eq_abs, abs_inv, abs_of_pos hR]; ring_nf

5. Apply the exact second-derivative rule for a linear inner map

Because the inner map is linear, the second derivative of the composite is the unit-radius second derivative with L_R applied in each argument. There are no derivatives of order two of L_R and no extra chain-rule terms.

\[D^2\chi_R(x)[u,v]=D^2\chi_1(L_Rx)[L_Ru,L_Rv].\]
Corresponding Lean step

rw [hfun]; rw [L.iteratedFDeriv_comp_right hunit_smooth x (i := 2) ...]

6. Bound both linear slots and simplify the scale

The multilinear composition norm is bounded by the outer norm times the product of the two inner operator norms. Combine the unit bound and dilation bound to obtain C/R².

\[\|D^2\chi_R(x)\|_{\mathrm{op}}\le\|D^2\chi_1(L_Rx)\|_{\mathrm{op}}\|L_R\|_{\mathrm{op}}^2\le C(1/R)^2=C/R^2.\]
Corresponding Lean step

ContinuousMultilinearMap.norm_compContinuousLinearMap_le _ _; ... ∏ _ : Fin 2, ‖L‖ ...; simp; gcongr; exact (hC (L x)).trans (le_max_left C 1); ... := by ring

Lean statement · radialSmoothCutoff_iteratedFDeriv_two_bound

`iteratedFDeriv ℝ 2` is the existing order-two continuous multilinear derivative API. This theorem already occurs in the current checkout; documenting it neither adds a Hessian/Laplacian declaration nor makes it a prerequisite of the separate first-order proof route. The source's surrounding Radial section contributes the implicit type E and its NormedAddCommGroup instance; further structures appear explicitly in the declaration.

Braces mark parameters Lean can infer; square brackets request structures such as a measurable space or probability measure. Named hypotheses are mathematical premises, not facts established by this declaration. Section parameters are described in the mathematical hypotheses above; the module link retains their exact source context.

theorem radialSmoothCutoff_iteratedFDeriv_two_bound
    [InnerProductSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E] [Nontrivial E] :
    ∃ C : ℝ, 0 < C ∧ ∀ R : ℝ, 0 < R → ∀ x : E,
      ‖iteratedFDeriv ℝ 2 (radialSmoothCutoff R : E → ℝ) x‖ ≤ C / R ^ 2

Exact module and namespace context

Lean proof · radialSmoothCutoff_iteratedFDeriv_two_bound

Actual proof outline: Obtain continuity and compact support of the unit-radius second derivative: The code obtains its second-order input from the unit radial function itself. It does not call `smoothUnitCutoff_secondDeriv_bounded` or the first-order radial bound. Choose one positive global bound at unit radius: The names `C` and `C'` in Lean correspond to B and the positive C in the exposition. This choice precedes `intro R hR x`. Represent the radius change by a bounded linear dilation: `E →L[ℝ] E` is the type of real continuous linear maps. The positivity assumption removes the absolute value of R in the scaling norm. Express every cutoff as the unit cutoff after dilation: `funext` proves equality of functions by evaluating at an arbitrary point. This is an exact scaling identity, not an asymptotic approximation. Apply the exact second-derivative rule for a linear inner map: The actual helper is `ContinuousLinearMap.iteratedFDeriv_comp_right`; `compContinuousLinearMap (fun _ => L)` places the same linear map in both multilinear slots. Bound both linear slots and simplify the scale: The product indexed by `Fin 2` has exactly two factors. The final algebra is the displayed R⁻² scale.

Braces mark parameters Lean can infer; square brackets request structures such as a measurable space or probability measure. Named hypotheses are mathematical premises, not facts established by this declaration. Section parameters are described in the mathematical hypotheses above; the module link retains their exact source context.

theorem radialSmoothCutoff_iteratedFDeriv_two_bound
    [InnerProductSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E] [Nontrivial E] :
    ∃ C : ℝ, 0 < C ∧ ∀ R : ℝ, 0 < R → ∀ x : E,
      ‖iteratedFDeriv ℝ 2 (radialSmoothCutoff R : E → ℝ) x‖ ≤ C / R ^ 2 := by
  have hunit_smooth : ContDiff ℝ (⊤ : ℕ∞)
      (radialSmoothCutoff 1 : E → ℝ) :=
    radialSmoothCutoff_contDiff one_pos
  have hunit_continuous : Continuous
      (iteratedFDeriv ℝ 2 (radialSmoothCutoff 1 : E → ℝ)) :=
    hunit_smooth.continuous_iteratedFDeriv
      (WithTop.coe_le_coe.mpr (le_top : (2 : ℕ∞) ≤ ⊤))
  have hunit_support : HasCompactSupport
      (iteratedFDeriv ℝ 2 (radialSmoothCutoff 1 : E → ℝ)) :=
    (radialSmoothCutoff_hasCompactSupport one_pos).iteratedFDeriv 2
  obtain ⟨C, hC⟩ :=
    hunit_support.exists_bound_of_continuous hunit_continuous
  let C' : ℝ := max C 1
  have hC'_pos : 0 < C' := lt_max_of_lt_right one_pos
  refine ⟨C', hC'_pos, ?_⟩
  intro R hR x
  let L : E →L[ℝ] E := R⁻¹ • ContinuousLinearMap.id ℝ E
  have hL_norm : ‖L‖ ≤ 1 / R := by
    refine L.opNorm_le_bound (by positivity) ?_
    intro y
    simp only [L, smul_apply, ContinuousLinearMap.id_apply]
    rw [norm_smul, Real.norm_eq_abs, abs_inv, abs_of_pos hR]
    simp [one_div]
  have hfun : (radialSmoothCutoff R : E → ℝ) =
      (radialSmoothCutoff 1 : E → ℝ) ∘ L := by
    funext y
    simp only [radialSmoothCutoff, Function.comp_apply, L,
      smul_apply, ContinuousLinearMap.id_apply, div_one]
    rw [norm_smul, Real.norm_eq_abs, abs_inv, abs_of_pos hR]
    ring_nf
  rw [hfun]
  rw [L.iteratedFDeriv_comp_right hunit_smooth x
    (i := 2) (WithTop.coe_le_coe.mpr (le_top : (2 : ℕ∞) ≤ ⊤))]
  calc
    ‖(iteratedFDeriv ℝ 2 (radialSmoothCutoff 1 : E → ℝ) (L x)).compContinuousLinearMap
        (fun _ => L)‖ ≤
        ‖iteratedFDeriv ℝ 2 (radialSmoothCutoff 1 : E → ℝ) (L x)‖ *
          ∏ _ : Fin 2, ‖L‖ :=
      ContinuousMultilinearMap.norm_compContinuousLinearMap_le _ _
    _ = ‖iteratedFDeriv ℝ 2 (radialSmoothCutoff 1 : E → ℝ) (L x)‖ * ‖L‖ ^ 2 := by
      simp
    _ ≤ C' * (1 / R) ^ 2 := by
      gcongr
      exact (hC (L x)).trans (le_max_left C 1)
    _ = C' / R ^ 2 := by ring

/-- At each fixed point, the positive-scale radial cutoffs tend to one as the scale diverges. -/

Exact module and namespace context

Scope and omitted-condition boundaries

  • The module header's statement that no second-derivative bound is supplied is stale relative to this existing declaration.
  • Retain the finite-dimensional and nontrivial hypotheses even if some could potentially be weakened mathematically; no such generalization is proved here.
  • No new Hessian, Laplacian, trace estimate, or inferred downstream consumer is asserted.
  • No numerical value or optimality of C is given.
  • The opening module comment is stale: this second-order declaration already exists in the current checkout. Documenting it does not introduce a new Hessian branch or make it a prerequisite of a first-order cutoff argument.

Source and reuse

ASTIS parents called

Mathlib API called (external library)

  • ContDiff.continuous_iteratedFDeriv
  • HasCompactSupport.iteratedFDeriv
  • HasCompactSupport.exists_bound_of_continuous
  • ContinuousLinearMap.opNorm_le_bound
  • norm_smul
  • ContinuousLinearMap.iteratedFDeriv_comp_right
  • ContinuousMultilinearMap.norm_compContinuousLinearMap_le

Mathematical sources

ASTIS prose is not a quotation or a source-equivalence certificate. Definitions and aliases are explained as constructions, not counted as new mathematical proofs.