Chapter 2 · Book pp. 48–95 · August 9, 2026 edition
Functional Inequalities
Develop Poincaré, log-Sobolev, transport, and isoperimetric tools, including semigroup proofs and preservation operations.
Begin with 2.1 Open this chapter in the canonical August 9 source ↗Chapter route
This chapter develops Poincaré inequality, log-Sobolev inequality, transport inequalities, Cheeger inequality. Its main destination is to connect the definitions below to the results that later chapters consume.
Core definitions
- Poincaré inequality: variance is controlled by Dirichlet energy; the compiled local interface records probability normalization, its test class, and all three integrability requirements explicitly.
- Log-Sobolev inequality: relative entropy is controlled by Fisher information.
- Talagrand transport inequalities compare relative entropy with Wasserstein distance.
- Isoperimetric and concentration profiles quantify boundary expansion and tail decay.
Main results
- Markov-semigroup interpolation proves functional inequalities from curvature and dissipation.
- Tensorization, bounded perturbation, Lipschitz pushforward, and other operations preserve selected inequalities with tracked constants.
- Functional inequalities imply concentration and isoperimetric estimates.
- The framework extends, with changed analytic interfaces, to manifolds and discrete chains.
Contents
- 2.1Overview of the InequalitiesBook p. 48
- 2.2Proofs via Markov Semigroup TheoryBook p. 50
- 2.3Operations Preserving Functional InequalitiesBook p. 60
- 2.4Concentration of Measure and IsoperimetryBook p. 68
- 2.5Riemannian ManifoldsBook p. 77
- 2.6Discrete Space and TimeBook p. 84
- 2.bibBibliographical NotesBook p. 85
- 2.exExercisesBook p. 87
Why is this chapter route valid?
Analytic contracts
- State whether Hessian inequalities hold everywhere, almost everywhere, or in a weak convex-analytic sense.
- Track normalization and absolute continuity whenever a potential is used to define a probability law.
- Keep localization inputs separate from the one-dimensional inequality they reduce to.
Open boundaries
- Bakry–Émery Poincaré criterion, pending a concrete semigroup/generator domain
- Full localization theorem
- Dimension-sharp log-concave isoperimetry
- Complete perturbation hierarchy
View Lean formalization
These mappings are evidence links, not a claim that the entire chapter is formalized.
The chapter organizes Poincaré, log-Sobolev, transport, and concentration inequalities in a common measure-theoretic language.